Following a critique of the standard empirical approach to expertise, we explore some research on ‘metacognition’ and ‘metacognitive inference’ among experts in sport. In particular, we suggest that metacognition (including such processes as ‘meta-attention’, ‘meta-imagery’ and ‘meta-memory’, as well as social aspects of this construct) provides a window on the genesis of expert performance. In an effort to rectify this oversight, the present paper argues that metacognitive processes and inferences play an important if neglected role in expertise. Unfortunately, although these studies have led to the identification of certain domain-free generalizations about expert-novice differences, they shed little light on an important issue: namely, experts’ metacognitive activities or their insights into, and regulation of, their own mental processes.
Whereas the first modern studies of expertise were conducted in relatively formal knowledge domains such as chess, more recent investigations have explored elite performance in dynamic perceptual-motor activities such as sport. Since the 1960s, expertise researchers have made considerable progress in understanding the cognitive and neural mechanisms that underlie such exceptional performance. Results suggest that gymnast groups attain their goals related to sport performance through different behavioral strategies.įor over a century, psychologists have investigated the mental processes of expert performers - people who display exceptional knowledge and/or skills in specific fields of human achievement. Differences were hypothesized in the psychological skills between the two samples of gymnasts. Test-retest values measured during the competition period were between 0.63 and 0.87, while the alpha values ranged from 0.73 to 0.88 also in Hungarian. Cronbach's alpha values were between 0.74 and 0.93 during the practice period in Hungarian group. Test-retest reliability was between 0.61 and 0.89. The questionnaire was applied to Hungarian and British participants. The behavior strategy of female gymnasts was measured with the Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS) instrument. Members of both groups who had been preparing for the London Olympic Games were selected to participate in our study. The aim of the present study was to describe/explain differences in the psychological skills of the British (N=17) and Hungarian (N=16) female gymnasts.
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